Civilization in AncientEgypt involved the pyramids and tombs and all aspects of human life. Health and wellbeingwere some of the most cared arts by the pharaohs. Both the physicians and magicians participated in the field of medical care. From a holistic view, they conceived health and sickness as an unceasing fight between good and evil. Most of the complementary medicine modalities originated from ancient Egyptians. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural products that play an important role in preventing different human diseases.Traditional medicine has used by the majority of the world population for thousands of years (Seifu 2004). The World Health Organization (WHO) 2007, reported that an estimated 80 % of the population in developing countriesdepend on traditionally used medicinal plantsfor their primary health care medicinal plant, which has medicinal properties that could treat or cure many diseases. Since old times all medicinal herbs and plants have played a vital role in treating diseases with rare side effects.

It published that almost 80% of the total population world depends on traditional medicineand products for its healthcare needs, particularly in third-world countries. Many sick people in developing regions gather normal medicine with traditional medicine. Traditional medicines are usually cheaper than modern medicines and may be the only natural remedies available, connected in buried rural communities in developing countries.

Not allof Egyptian medicine based on dreaming, much was the result of experimentation and observation, and physical means supplemented the magical ones. Apart from spiritual healing and herbal medicine, Ancient Egyptians practiced massage and manipulationand made extensive use of therapeutic herbs and foods, but surgery was rarely part of their treatments (Zucconi, 2007). According to Herodotus, there was a high degree of specialization among physicians (Halioua et al., 2005) added that the Egyptians advanced medical practitioners for their time. They were masters of human anatomy and healing mostly due to the extensive mummification ceremonies. This involved removing most of the internal organs including the brain, lungs, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart and intestine. To some extent, they had a basic knowledge of organ functionswithin the human body. Their great knowledgeof anatomy and (in the later dynasties) the crossover of knowledge between the Greeks and other culture areas led to an extensive knowledge ofthe functioning of the organs and branched into many other medical practices. Herodotusand Pliny were among the Greek scholars, who benefited from this cross-over and further contributed to the ancient and modern medicalrecords, reached from the time of Ancient Egypt and into the modern era (Sanders, 1963). Ancient Egyptians were as equallyfamiliar with pharmacyas they were with medicine. According to historical records, Ancient Egyptians involved in the medicaland pharmaceutical profession used to recite certain incantations while preparing or administering medications. Theywere also familiarwith drug preparation from plants and herbs such as cumin, fennel, caraway,aloe, safflower, glue, pomegranates, castor and linseed oil. Otherdrugs were made of mineralsubstances such as copper salts, plain salt and lead. Eggs, liver, hairs, milk, animal horns and fat, honey and wax also used in drug preparation (Rosen, 1979).

Achillea fragrantissima

Singh et al, (2021) cited that Achillea fragrantissima usedin Egypt for treating gastrointestinal disturbances, antibiofilm and anti- quorum sensing abilities reported in many desert plants,these plants have strong antimicrobial effects.Alshuail etal, (2019) added that Achillea fragrantissima (yarrow) is known in Arabic and distributed on the greatest scale in Arab countries. Patocka and Navratilova (2019) cleared that Achillea fragrantissima used in traditional medicine as a medicinal tea to treat of many disorders, such as respiratory infections, digestive problems and so on.

Hamdan and Afifi (2004) mentioned that A. fragrantissima is one of the desert herbs belonging to the family Asteraceae. This herb used in Arab countries as an alternative treatment for diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, and respiratory diseases. Meanwhile Mohamed et al, (2015) illustrated that A. fragrantissima contains a high percentage of phenolic and flavonoid active constituents such as achillolide A, swertisin 2-arabinosideafroside, cirsimaritin, chrysoplenol, cirsiliol, eupatilin-7-methyl ether, and isovitexin 4′- methyl ether. Gach et al, (2015) added that Sesquiterpene lactones have active substances, which showedthe greatest biological effect as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective compounds.

Vasisht and Kumar (2004)arranged that Achilleafragrantissima is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It contains approximately 100 species. Most of family modified by the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids. Saeidnia et al, (2011) cleared that genus Achillea known in traditional medicine. They used to treat severalailments, such as stomach pain, menstrual disorders and bleeding. Eissa et al, (2014) confirmed that A. fragrantissima used in folk medicinein many Arab countries for the management of some popular health problems such as diabetes, respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, and dysmenorrhea.

Aloe Vera

Eamlamnam et al, (2006) mentioned that Aloe vera is an herbal used as a remedy for several diseases in traditional medicine. It has a hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerative cure. In addition, Werawatganon et al, (2014)showed that Aloe vera used as a strong laxative and as a substance to improve gastrointestinal motility.

Aloe Vera is a boon for our digestivesystem. It helpsin cleaning the digestive system. It also helps in the movement of the bowels, preventing constipation and help in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Aloe vera is a shrubby or arborescent, perennial, xerophytic, succulent, and pea-green color plant. It grows mainlyin the dry regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, and America. It contains vitamins A (beta-carotene), C, and E, which are antioxidants. It provides calcium, copper, magnesium, potassium, and zinc which are essential for the proper functioning of various enzyme systems in different metabolic pathways and a few of them are antioxidants (Surjushe, 2008). Aloe has used extensively by the Egyptians, Assyrians, Mediterranean civilizations and in Biblical times.

Liu et al, (2013) cited that Aloe vera contains polysaccharides, proteins and amino acids, minerals, phenolics, anthraquinones, and enzymes. Bordoloi, and Deka, (2016) cleared that the previous contents of Aloe vera have functional properties of these compounds, Aloe vera has large scale used for wounds and inflammation and in the treatment of prevention of many diseases such as cancer, ulcers, diabetes, microbial and skin diseases, and others.

Caraway

Šarić-Kundalić et al, (2011) cited that caraway belongsto the family Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae) used in traditional medicine as a cure for a range of health problems, especially stomach ache, burping and flatulence, and intestinal spasms.Moreover, Seidler et al, (2010) added that caraway seeds have multiplephytochemical constituents, including fatty acids,essential oils, and volatile phenoliccompounds which used in industry and medicine.

According to the European Union herbal monograph, caraway traditionally used for symptomatic comfort of digestive disorders (bloating and flatulence). Caraway fruits are used as a normal remedy to mask alcoholic breath, anemia, and as a prevent toxin agent against toxin pain. Carawayfruits used for flavoring rye bread and its infusion a remedyfor colic and digestive disorders, and fight worms (Attokaran, 2017).

Caraway fruits have stimulant, expectorant and antispasmodic effects and used for stomachaches, constipation, and nausea. It increases gastric juice secretion and promotes bile discharge, which increases appetite and has digestive stimulatory effects (Peter,2006). Caraway recommended by Persian traditional scholars to decrease flatulence. It acts by improving digestive systems and deleting accumulated gas from the gastrointestinal tract, humors from the stomach, which also decreasesabdominal pain. For this purpose,the powder containing ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), anise (Pimpinella anisum),cumin (Cuminum cyminum)and caraway with little rock candy is used daily as three teaspoons (Larijani et al, 2016). (Benaco et al, 2014) used hydro distillation with the assistance of the microwave method to separate the contents of caraway fruit essential oil. They cleared that limonene (48.1%), carvone (32.9%), and myrcene (7.9%) were the principal components of, while limonene (41.7%), carvone (55.8%), and myrcene were present in accelerated steam distillation assisted by microwave method. Hydro-distillation by direct induction heating assisted by magnetic field (DIHMF) and by water and 6% food salt as electrolyte solutions resulted in 2.11% (w/w) essential oil, where limonene (7.4%) and carvone (85.2%) were its main components. Cumin

Mandal and Mandal (2016) mentioned that the cumin plant (C. cyminum) is indigenous to countries in Southeast Asia and the East Mediterranean area. Bettaiebet al, (2011) observed that cumin seeds could use in culinary cultures across the entire world. They added the major volatile substances found in cumin seeds are terpenoids, cymene and cumin aldehyde. Muhammad et al, (2012) showed that cumin seed oil containsmany volatile compounds are myrcene, 1-8- cineole, α-pinene, ρ-mentha-1, 3-dien7-ol, β-bisabolene, β- farnesene, limonene,caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, cuminyl alcohol and some oleoresin, gum, protein compounds, mucilage, and malates . Srinivasan (2018) cleared that cumin producedin wide range in many countries also used as a treatment of diseases like diabetes chronic dyspepsia and diarrhea, acutegastritis, and various other metabolic disorders . In Dditon Jagtap et al, (2010) reported that cumin seed extraction has antihyperglycemic activity, inhibition of free radical formation and anti-inflammatory activity.

Tuncturkand Tuncturk(2006) cited that Cuminum cyminumL. is an herbal medicine in Iran that belongs to the family Apiaceae. The origin of C. cyminum is Egypt,Turkistan, and the east of the Mediterranean area. Moreover, the herb cultivated in a wide range in manycountries. Allahghdri et al, (2010)cleared that cumin fruit has additional taste and flavor to foods, and have medicinal and therapeutic properties for centuries, they added that cumin fruit used in folk medicine as a diuretic, immunologic, antispasmodic, carminative, stimulant, astringent as well as a cure against indigestion, flatulence, toothache, dyspepsia, diarrhea, colic, epilepsy, and jaundice. Moreover, Hajlaoui et al, (2010) mentioned that cumin fruits have a yellow-colored fresh volatile oil (2–5% v/w) that causes the characteristic aroma and medicinal value.

Pegamun harmala L

Mikaili et al, (2012) cited that Peganum harmala L. belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, cultivated spontaneously in semi-arid conditions, steppe areas and sandy soils, native to the eastern Mediterranean region. Wanntorp and Louis (2011) mentioned that the plant known in a wide range spread and used as a medicinal plant in Central Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. In addition, Elansary et al, (2020) cleared that P. Harmala methanol leaf extraction exposedantioxidant activities comparable to the standard quercetin and outside.

Faskhutdinov et al, (2000) extracted two alkaloids, dipegine and dipeginol. They added that there are four new flavonoids of acacetin 7-O-rhamnoside, 7-O-[6-O-glucosyl-2-O-(3-acetylrhamnosyl) glucoside, and 7-O-(2-O-rhamnosyl-2-O-glucosylglucoside), and the glycoflavone 2-O-rhanmosyl-2-O-glucosylcytisoside isolated from the aerial parts of P. harmala . Massoud et al, (2002) also referred that harmaline, the active principle of the seeds of P. harmala. Lamchouri et al, (2002) published that the major components of P. harmalawere α-pinene (60.4 %), limonene (6.4 %0 and styrene (4.2 %) and their quantities, α-pinene (72.6 %), trans-verbenole (3.9 %) and sabinene (2.6 %).

Herraiz et al, (2017) isolated by Phytochemical screening from the leaves of P. harmala showed flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids and steroids and the absence of anthraquinone. Asgarpanah and Ramezanloo (2012) indicated that the major alkaloids of P. harmala were harmine, harmaline, harmalol and harmol. Fatma et al, (2016) extracted alkaloids such as 1H- cyclopenta(b)quinoline, 2.3.5.6.7.8-hexahydro-9-amino-; Vasicine (1H-Pyrrolo [2.1-b] quinazolin-9-one,3-hydroxy-2.3-dihydro) and harmine from cultivated plant of P. harmala. Farouk et al. Khan et al, (2011) cleared that alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, flavones, terpenoids, phlobatannins, chalcones and cardiac glycosides of P. harmala.

Teucrium poliumL

Bahramikia and Yazdanparast (2012)cited that Teucriumpolium L. belongs to family Lamiaceae is a perennial wild flowering plant, spreader in North Africa, Europe, and South-Western Asia in wide scale and considered as a significant component in severaltraditional medicine prescriptions. They added that T.polium used for different pathological conditions, such as inflammations, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatism, and diabetes in Iranian folk medicine. They cleared that the aqueous extract also used in wide range for traditional medicine as stomach ulcers in some Arabian countries. Abdollahi et al, (2003) mentioned that Teucrium polium L tea used for treating many diseases such as indigestion, common cold, abdominal pain, and urogenital. Mossa et al, (2000) refferedthat, the injection of T. poliumaerial parts and its tenderleaves used by local peoples to treat vermifuge, stomach, febrifuge, and intestinal troubles In Saudi Arabian traditional medicine.

In (2005)Ricci et al, concluded that Teucrium polium is a perennial plant. It has terpenoids, glycosides, iridoids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and furano neoclerodane diterpenoids. They added that its drink normally used to treat abdominal colic, and indigestion, in folk medicine and T. polium also has

several types of flavonoids such as salvigenin, cirsiliol according to phytochemical studies. Meanwhile, Verykokidou and Vajias (1986) illustrated that the same plant contains on luteolin, diosmetin, apigenin, rutin, cirsimaritin, and eupatorin. In addition, Capasso et al, (1983) noticed that Teucrium polium has too many steroidal compounds such as clerosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, and campesterol from several parts.